Human Heart: Structure, Function, and Importance

• The human heart is a remarkable organ that serves as the central component of the circulatory system and pumps blood throughout the body. It sustains life by transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and removing waste products. This article examines the anatomy, physiology, and functions of the heart in detail.

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Anatomy of the Heart

• The heart is a muscular, cone-shaped organ located slightly to the left of the midline of the chest cavity and protected by the rib cage. It weighs approximately 250-350 grams in adults.

External Structure

• 1. Pericardium: A double-layered sac that surrounds the heart and provides protection and lubrication.

2. Layers of the Heart Wall:

• Epicardium: The outermost layer of the heart wall.
• Myocardium: The thick, muscular middle layer responsible for contractions.
• Endocardium: The smooth, inner layer that lines the chambers.

Internal Structure

• The heart is divided into four chambers:

1. Atria (Upper Chambers):

• Right atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from…